Publications

Past 6 Years

2012

Bay, D.C., Turner, R.J. (2012) Spectroscopic analysis of small multidrug resistance protein EmrE in the presence of various quaternary cation compounds. Biochim. Biophys. ActaBiomembranes  1818;1318-1331. + supplementary.

Golby, S., Ceri, H., Gieg, L.M., Chatterjee, I., Turner, R.J. (2012) Successful culturing of microbial communities directly from an Alberta oil sands tailings pond using an in vitro biofilm approach. FEMS Micro Ecol 79;240-250. + supplementary.

Gršger, T., Nathoo, S., Ku, T., Sikora, C., Turner, R.J. Prenner, E.J. (2012) Real-time imaging of lipid domains and distinct coexisting membrane protein clusters.  Chem. Physics Lipids. 165;216-224.

2011

Turner, R.J. Borghese, R., Zannoni, D. (2011) Microbial reduction of tellurium metalloids as a tool in biotechnology. Biotechnology Advances.  In press DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.018

Tremaroli, V., Fedi, S., Tamburini, S., Leoni, L., Rampioni, G., Viti, C., Tatti E., Ceri, H., Turner, R.J. Zannoni, D. (2011) The histidine-kinase cheA gene in Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 not only has a key role in chemotaxis but also affects biofilm formation and cell metabolism. Biofouling. 27;33-46.

Cappelletti, M., Fedi, S., Frascari, D., Ohtake, H., Turner R.J., Zannoni, D. (2011) Expression and molecular characterization of gene alkB in the chlorinated-solvents degrader Rhodococcus sp. BCP1 as grown on n-alkanes. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 77;1619-1627.

Rivardo, F., Martinotti, M.G., Turner, R.J., Ceri, H. (2011) Synergistic affect of biosurfactant with antibiotics towards Escherichia coli CFT073 biofilm. Int. J. Antimicrobial Agents. 37;324-331.

Bay, D.C., Turner, R.J. (2011) Spectroscopic analysis of the intrinsic chromophores within small multidrug resistance protein SugE, BBA-Biomembranes, 1808;2233-2244. + supplementary material

Chan#, C.S., Haney#, E.F., Vogel, H.J. Turner, R.J. (2011) Towards understanding the Tat translocation mechanism through structural and biophysical studies of the amphipathic region of TatA from Escherichia coli.  Biochim. Biophys. ActaBiomembranes. 1808;2289-2296.

Booth, S.C., Workentine, M.L., Wen, J., Shaykhutdinov, R., Vogel, H. Ceri H., Turner, R.J., Weljie A.M. (2011) Differences in metabolism between the biofilm and planktonic response to metal stress. J. Proteome Research. 10;3190-3199.

Booth, S.C., Workentine, M.L., Weljie, A., Turner, R.J. (2011) Metabolomics and its application to study metal toxicity.  Metallomics. 3; 1142-1152. Journal cover

2010

Vanderlinde, E.M. Harrison, J.J., Muszynski, A., Carlson R., Turner, R.J. Yost, C.K. (2010) Identification of a novel ABC transporter required for desiccation tolerance and biofilm formation in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae 3841. FEMS Microbiol. Ecology. 71;327-340.

Bay. D.C., Budiman, R.A., Nieh, M-P., Turner R.J. (2010) Multimeric forms of the Small multidrug resistance protein EmrE in anionic detergent. Biophys. Biochem. Acta. – Biomembranes. 1798;526-535.

Kostecki, J.S., Li, H., Turner, R.J. DeLisa, M P. (2010) Visualizing interactions along the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation pathway using protein fragment complementation PLoS ONE 5(2):e9225.

Pavlov, E., Aschar-Sobbi, R., Campanella, M., Turner, R.J., Gomez-Garcia, M. R., Abramov, A.Y. (2010) Inorganic polyphosphate and energy metabolism in mammalian cells. J. Biol. Chem. 285;9420-9428.

Li, H., Howell, J.M., Chang, L., Turner R.J. (2010) DmsD, a system specific chaperone for DmsA, interacts with the other chaperones and proteins involved in molybdopterin cofactor biosynthesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Proteins & Proteomics 1804;1301-1309. + supplementary.

Turner, R.J., Winstone, T.M.L., Tran, V.A., Chan, C.S. (2010) System specific chaperones for membrane redox enzymes maturation in bacteria.  In Handbook of Molecular Chaperones: Roles, Structures and Mechanisms. Ed. P. Durante & L. Colucci, Nova Science Publishers Inc. New York. Pp179-207.

Rivardo, F., Marinotti, M.G., Turner, R.J. Ceri, H. (2010) The activity of silver against Escherichia coli biofilm is increased by a lipopeptide biosurfactant.  Can. J. Microbiol. 56; 272-278.

Ceri, H., Olson, M.E., Turner, R.J. (2010) Needed, New paradigms in Antibiotic Development. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 11;1-5.

Workentine, M.L., Harrison, J.J., Weljie, A.M., Tran, V.A., Stenroos, P.U., Tremaroli, V., Vogel, H.J., Ceri, H., Turner, R.J. (2010) Phenotypic and metabolic profiling of colony morphology variants evolved from Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms. Environmental Microbiology. 12; 1565 1577.  + supplementary

Harrison, J.J., Stremick, C.A., Turner R.J., Allan, N.D., Olson, M.E., Ceri, H. (2010) Microtiter susceptibility testing of microbes growing on peg lids: A miniaturized biofilm model for high-throughput screening. Nature Protocols.5; 1236-1254.

Tremaroli, V.,Suzzi, C.V., Fedi, S., Ceri, H., Zannoni, D., Turner, R.J., (2010) Tolerance of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 to metals, polychlorobiphenyls, and chlorobenzoates: effects on chemotaxis, biofilm and planktonic grown cells. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 74;291-301.

Chan, C.S., Chang, L., Winstone, T.M.L., Turner R.J. (2010) Comparing system-specific chaperone interactions with their Tat dependent redox enzyme substrates.  FEBS Lett. 584;4553-4558.

Nelson, L.K., Stanton, M.M., Elphinstone, R.E.A., Helwerda, J., Turner, R.J. Ceri, H. (2010) Phenotypic diversification in vivo: Pseudomonas aeruginosa gacS- strains generate small colony variants in vivo that are distinct from in vitro variants.  Microbiology. 156;3699-3709 .

Barker, J.D., Klassen, J., Sharp, M.J., Fitzsimons, S.J. Turner, R.J. (2010) Detecting biogeochemical activity in basal ice using fluorescence spectroscopy. Annals of Glaciology  51(56); 47-55.

2009

Tremaroli,V., Workentine, M.L., Weljie, A., Vogel, H., Ceri, H., Viti, C., Tatti, E., Zhang, P., Hynes, A.P., Turner, R. J., Zannoni D. (2009) Metabolomics investigation of bacterial response to metal challenge.  Applied & Environ. Microbiol. 75;719-728.

Workentine, M.L.*, Chang, L.*, Ceri, H., Turner, R.J. (2009) The GacS-GacA two-component regulatory system of Pseudomonas fluorescens; a bacterial two-hybrid analysis of interactions. FEMS Micro Letters, 292; 50-56.+ supplementary.

Chan, C.S., Chang, L., Rommens, K., Turner, R.J. (2009) Differential interactions between Tat-specific redox enzyme peptides and their chaperones.  J. Bacteriology, 191;2091-2101. + supplementary.

Li, H. Turner, R.J. (2009) In vivo associations of Escherichia coli NarJ with a peptide of the first 50 residues of  Nitrate reductase catalytic subunit NarG.  Can J. Microbiol. 55; 179-188.

Stevens, C.M., Winstone, T.L. Turner, R.J., Paetzel, M.  (2009) Structural analysis of a monomeric form of the twin-arginine leader peptide binding chaperone Escherichia coli DmsD. J. Molecular Biology. 389;124-133.

Barker, J.D., Sharp, M.J. Turner, R.J. (2009) Using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and principal components analysis (PCA) to monitor dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics in glacier system. Hydrological Processes. 23; 1487-1500.

Harrison, J.J., Wade, W.D., Akierman, S., Vacchi-Suzzi, C., Stremick, C.A., Turner R.J., Ceri H. (2009) The chromosomal toxin yafQ is a determinant of multidrug tolerance for Escherichia coli growing in a biofilm. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy, 53; 2253-2258.

Rivardo, F., Turner, R.J, Allegrone, G., Ceri, H., Martinotti, M.G. (2009) Anti-adhesion activity of two biosurfactants produced by Bacillus prevents biofilm formation by human bacterial pathogens. Appl Microbiol. Biotechnol. 83;541-553.

Bay, D.C, Turner, R.J. (2009) Diversity and evolution of the small multidrug resistance protein family. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9;140. + supplementary.

Harrison, J.J., Tremaroli, V., Stan, M.A., Chan, C.S., Vacchi-Suzzi, C. Heyne, B.J. Parsek, M.R., Ceri, H., Turner, R.J. (2009) Chromosomal antioxidant genes have metal ion-specific roles as determinants of bacterial metal tolerance. Environmental Microbiology, 11;2491-2509. + supplementary.

2008

Workentine, M.L., Harrison, J.J., Stenroos, P.U., Ceri, H., & Turner, R.J. (2008) Pseudomonas fluorescens view of the periodic table. Environmental Microbiology.  10; 238-250. + supplementary. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01448.x

Chan, C.S.*, Winstone, T.L.*, Workentine, M., Chang, L., Stevens, C. Li, H., Wei, Y., Ondrechen, M.J., Paetzel, M. & Turner, R.J. (2008) Identification of residues in DmsD for twin-arginine leader peptide binding, defined through random and bioinformatics-directed mutagenesis.. Biochemistry, 47;2749-2759. 10.1021/bi702138a

Tremaroli, V., Fedi, S., Turner, R.J., Ceri, H. & Zannoni, D. (2008) Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 upon biofilm formation on a polystyrene surface quire a strong antibiotic resistance with minor changes in tolerance to metal cations and metalloid oxyanions.  Arch. Microbiol. 190;29-39.

Harrison, J. J., Turner, R. J., Joo, D. A., Stan, M. A., Chan, C. S., Allan, N. D., Vrionis, H. A., Olson, M. E. & Ceri, H. (2008) Copper and quaternary ammonium cations exert synergistic bactericidal and anti-biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 52; 2870-2881. + supplementary.

Zannoni, D., Borsetti, F., Harrison, J.J., & Turner, R.J. (2008) The bacterial response to the chalcogen metalloids Se and Te. Advances in Microbial Physiology. 53; 1-71. Book cover photo. REVIEW

Chan, C.S., Winstone, T.M.L., & Turner, R.J. (2008) Investigating protein-protein interactions by far-Westerns. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology; Protein-Protein Interactions 110;195-214. REVIEW

Bay, D., Rommens, K., & Turner, R.J. (2008) Small multidrug resistance proteins: A multidrug transporter family that continues to grow. Biochim. Biophys. ActaBiomembranes. 1778;1814-1838. + supplementary. Invited REVIEW

Turner, R.J. Zannoni, D. Hynes, M.F., & Ceri, H. (2008) Antimicrobial Agents and Biofilms; Resistance/Tolerance is Multifactorial. Chemistry Today. 26; 20-22.

2007

Davies, J.A.*, Harrison, J.J*., Marques, L.L.R., Foglia, G.R., Stremick, C.A., Storey, D.G., Turner, R.J., Olson, M.E., & Ceri, H.  (2007) The GacS sensor kinase controls phenotypic reversion of small colony variants isolated from biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 59;32-46.

Borsetti, F., Francia, F., Turner, R.J., & Zannoni, D. (2007) The disulfide binding protein DsbB allows the transfer of oxidizing equivalents from the toxic metalloid tellurite (TeO32-) to the plasma membrane electron transport system of Rhodobacter capsulatus. J. Bacteriol. 189; 851-859.

Ladner, C.L., Turner, R.J., & Edwards, R.E. (2007) Development of indol chemistry to label tryptophan residues in proteins for determination of tryptophan surface accessibility. Protein Science. 16;1204-1213. + supplementary material.

Harrison, J.J., Turner, R.J., & Ceri, H., (2007) A subpopulation of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis biofilm cells are highly tolerant to chelating agents. FEMS Microbiology Lett. 272;172-181.

Chan, C.S., Zlomislic, M.R., Tieleman, D.P., & Turner, R. J. (2007) The TatA subunit of Escherichia coli Twin-arginine translocase has a N-in topology. Biochemistry 46;7396-7404.

Harrison, J.J., Ceri, H., Yerly, J., Rabiei, M., Hu, Y., Martinuzzi, R. & Turner, R.J.  (2007) Metal ions may suppress or enhance cellular differentiation in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis biofilms.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73; 4940-4949.  + 4 videos as supplemental material.Nature Research Highlight

Stevens, C.M., Silver, D.M. Behm, B., Surette, M.G., & Turner, R.J. (2007) OMLeT – a novel approach to learning metabolism; glycolysis and the TCA cycle as an example. Journal of Chemical Education. 84; 2024-2029. + supplementary material.

Prince, R.C., Gailer, J., Gunson, D.E., Turner, R.J., George, G.N., Pickering, I.J. (2007) Strong poison revisited. J. Inorganic Biochemistry. 101; 1891-1893. doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.06.008.

Harrison, J.J., Ceri, H, & Turner, R.J. (2007) Multimetal resistance and tolerance in microbial biofilms Nature Reviews Microbiology.  5; 928-938.Journal cover inspired, REVIEW.

2006

Harrison, J.J.*, Rabiei, M.*, Turner, R.J., Badry, E.A., Sproule, K.M., & Ceri, H. (2006) Metal resistance in Candida biofilms. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 55; 479-491. + supplementary material.

Thammawong, P., Kasinrerk, W., Turner, R.J., & Tayapiwatana, C. (2006) Twin-arginine signal peptide attributes effective displaying of CD147 on filamentous phage. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology 69; 697-703.

Chan, C.S., Howell, J.M., Workentine, M.L., & Turner, R.J. (2006) Twin-Arginine translocase may have a role in the chaperone function of NarJ from Escherichia coli, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 343; 244-251.

Howell, J. M., Winstone, T.L., Coorrsen, J., & Turner R.J. (2006) An evaluation of in vitro Protein-Protein Interaction techniques: Assessing contaminating background proteins. Proteomics, 6; 2059-2069.

Ladner, C.L., Edwards, R.A., Schriemer, D.C., & Turner, R.J. (2006) Identification of trichloroethanol visualized proteins from two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels by mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry.  78; 2388-2396.

Barker, J.D., Sharp, M.J., Fitzsimons, S.J., & Turner, R.J. (2006) Abundance and Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Glacier Systems. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 38; 163-172.

Winstone, T.L., Workentine, M. L., Sarfo, K., Binding, A.J., Haslam, B.D., & Turner, R.J. (2006) Characterization of Escherichia coli DmsD signal peptide binding. Archives Biochem. Biophys.  455; 89-97.

Harrison, J.J., Ceri, H., Yerly, J., Hu, Y., Martinuzzi, R., & Turner, R.J. (2006) The use of microscopy and three-dimensional visualization to evaluate the structure of microbial biofilms cultivated in the Calgary Biofilm Device. J. Biological Procedures Online. 8; 194-215. supplementary material + 4 videos.

 

Past Noted Contributions

Small Multidrug Resistance Proteins

Paulsen, I.T., Skurray, R.A., Tam., R., Saier, M.H.Jr., Turner, R.J., Weiner, J.H., Goldberg, E.B. & Grinius, L.L. (1996) The SMR Family:  A Novel Family of Multidrug Pumps Involved with the Efflux of Lipophilic Drugs. Mol. Microbiol. 19;1167-1175.

Winstone, T.L. Duncalf, K.A. & Turner, R.J. (2002) Optimization of Expression and the Organic Extraction Purification of the Integral Membrane Protein EmrE. Prot. Express. Purif. 26; 111-121.

Son, M.S., Del Castilho, C., Duncalf, K., Carney, D., Weiner, J.H., & Turner, R.J. (2003) Mutagenesis of Sug, a Small Multidrug Resistance Protein.  Biochem.  Biophys.  Res. Comm. 312; 914-921.

Federkeil, S., Winstone, T.L., Jicking, G., & Turner, R.J. (2003) Spectroscopic analysis of EmrE in various membrane mimicking environments. Biochem. Cell Biol. 81; 61-70.

Sikora, C.W. & Turner, R.J. (2005) Small Multidrug Resistance proteins SugE and EmrE bind ligand with similar affinity and stoichiometry. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 335;105-111.

Winstone, T.L., Jidenko, M., le Maire, M., Ebel, C., Duncalf, K.A., & Turner R.J., (2005) Organic Solvent Extracted EmrE Solubilized in Dodecyl Maltoside is Monomeric and Binds Drug Ligand.  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.  327; 437-445.

Protein Translocation

Weiner, J.H., Bilous, P.T., Shaw, G.M., Lubitz, S.P., Frost, L., Thomas, G.H., Cole, J.A., & Turner, R.J. (1998) A Novel and Ubiquitous System for Membrane Targeting and Secretion of Proteins in the Folded State.  Cell  93; 93-101.

Sambasivarao, D. Turner, R.J., Simala-Grant, J.L., Shaw, G., Hu, J. & Weiner, J.H, (2000)  Multiple Roles for the Twin Arginine Leader Sequence of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 275; 22526-22531.

Oresnik, I., Ladner, C.L.& Turner R. J. (2001) Identification of a Twin-Arginine Leader Binding Protein. Mol. Microbiol. 40; 323-331.

Papish, A., Ladner, C. & Turner, R.J. (2003) The twin-arginine leader binding protein, DmsD, is associated with the Escherichia coli membrane and the Tat translocase.  J. Biol. Chem. 278; 32501-32506.

Turner, R.J., Papish, A.L., & Sargent, F. (2004) Sequence analysis of Bacterial Oxido-reductase enzyme maturation proteins (REMPs). Can. J. Microbiol.  50; 225-238.  REVIEW

Fluorescence

Turner, R.J., Matsoukas, J. & Moore, G. J. (1990) Tyrosinate Fluorescence Lifetimes for Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Receptor-Simulating Environments: Relationship to Biological Activity and 1H-NMR Data. Biophys. Biochem. Res. Comm. 171; 996-1001.

Turner, R.J., Matasoukas, J. & Moore, G. J. (1991) Fluorescence Properties of Angiotensin II Analogues in 'Receptor-Simulating' Environments: Relationship between Tyrosinate Fluorescence Lifetime and Biological Activity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta  1065; 21-28.

Edwards, R.A., Jickling, G.C., & Turner, R.J. (2002) The Light-induced Reactions of Tryptophan with Halocompounds.  Photochem Photobiol. 75; 362-368.

Ladner, C. Yang, J., Turner, R.J., & Edwards, R. A. (2004) Visible Fluorescence Detection of Proteins in Polyacrylamide Gels without staining. Anal. Biochem. 326;13-20

Metal Resistance

Turner, R.J., Hou, Y., Weiner, J.H., & Taylor, D.E. (1992) The Arsenical ATPase Efflux Pump Mediates Tellurite Resistance. J. Bacteriol.  174; 3092-3094.

Turner, R.J., Weiner, J.H., & Taylor, D.E. (1992) Use of Diethyldithiocarbamate for Quantitative Determination of Tellurite Uptake by Bacteria. Anal. Biochem. 204; 292-295.

Taylor, D.E., Hou, Y., Turner, R.J., & Weiner, J.H. (1994) Location of a Potassium Tellurite Resistance Operon (tehAtehB) within the Terminus of Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 176; 2740-2742.

Turner, R.J., Weiner, J.H., & Taylor, D.E. (1995) Neither Reduced Uptake Nor Increased Efflux is Encoded by Tellurite Resistance Determinants Expressed in Escherichia coli.  Can. J. Microbiol.  41; 92-98.

Turner, R.J., Weiner, J.H., & Taylor, D.E. (1995) The Tellurite Resistance Determinants tehAtehB and klaAklaBtelB have Different Biochemical Requirements.  Microbiology  141; 3133-3140.

Turner, R.J., Taylor, D.E., & Weiner, J. H. (1997) Expression of Escherichia coli TehA Gives Resistance to Antiseptics and Disinfectants Similar to that Conferred by Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pumps. Antimicrob. Agents Chemotherap.  41; 440-444.

Avazeri, C., Turner, R.J., Pommier, J., Weiner, J.H., Giordano, G. & Vermeglio, A. (1997) Tellurite and Selenate Reductase Activity of Nitrate Reductases from Escherichia coli: Correlation with Tellurite Resistance.   Microbiology  143; 1181-1189.

Turner, R.J., Weiner, J.H., & Taylor, D.E. (1998) Selenium Metabolism in Escherichia coli. BioMetals  11;223-227.

Turner, R.J., Weiner, J.H., & Taylor, D.E. (1999) Tellurite-Mediated Thiol Oxidation in Escherichia coli. Microbiology, 145; 2549-2557.

Liu, M., Turner, R.J., Winstone, T.L., Saetre, A., Dyllick-Brenzinger, M., Jickling, G. Tari, L.W., Weiner, J.H., Taylor, D.E. (2000) Escherichia coli TehB Requires S-Adenosylmethionine as a Cofactor to Mediate Tellurite Resistance.  J. Bacteriol., 182;6509-6513.

Dyllick-Brenzinger, M., Liu., M. Winstone, T.L., Taylor, D.E. & Turner, R.J., (2000) The Role of Cysteine Residues in Tellurite Resistance Mediated by the TehAB Determinant. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm 277; 394-400.

Turner, R.J., Aharonowitz, Y., Weiner, J.H.& Taylor, D.E., (2001) Glutathione is a Target in Bacterial Tellurite Toxicity and is Protected by Tellurite Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli. Can. J. Microbiol.  47; 33-40.

Harrison, J.J., Ceri, H., Stremick, C.A., & Turner, R.J. (2004) Biofilm Susceptibility to Metal Toxicity. Environmental Microbiology. 6; 1220-1227. 

Harrison, J. J., Ceri, H., Roper, N.J., Badry, E.A., Sproule, K.M., & Turner, R.J., (2005) Persister cells mediate tolerance to metal oxyanions in biofilm and planktonic Escherchia coli.  Microbiology 151; 3181-3195. + supplementary material. Faculty of 1000 highlight

Harrison, J.J., Turner, R.J., & Ceri, H., (2005) Persister cells, the Biofilm Matrix, and Tolerance to Metal Cations in Biofilm and Planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Environmental Microbiology. 7;981-994. Among top 25 most cited reference in journal.

Membrane Protein Structure Prediction

Turner, R.J. & Weiner, J.H. (1993) Evaluation of Commonly used Transmembrane Helix Prediction Methods Using the Recently Defined NMR Structures of the Coat Proteins from Bacteriophages M13 and Pf1. Biochim. Biophys. Acta  1202; 161-168.

Turner, R.J., Busaan, J.L., Lee, J.H., Michalak, M., & Weiner, J.H.  (1997) Expression and Epitope Tagging of the Membrane Anchor Subunit (DmsC) of Escherichia coli Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase.  Prot. Engineering 10; 285-290.

Edwards, R.A. & Turner, R.J. (1998) Alpha-Periodicity Analysis of Small Multidrug Resistance (SMR) Efflux Transporters Can. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 76; 791-797. 

Other early career

Birss, V.B., Elzanowska, H., & Turner, R.J. (1988) The Electrochemical Behavior of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide in Neutral Solutions. Can. J. Chem. 66; 86-96.